Nginx 的 epoll 事件驱动模块
概述
在前面的文章中《Nginx 事件模块》介绍了Nginx 的事件驱动框架以及不同类型事件驱动模块的管理。本节基于前面的知识，简单介绍下在Linux 系统下的 epoll 事件驱动模块。关于 epoll 的使用与原理可以参照文章 《epoll 解析》。在这里直接介绍Nginx 服务器基于事件驱动框架实现的epoll 事件驱动模块。
ngx_epoll_module 事件驱动模块
ngx_epoll_conf_t 结构体
ngx_epoll_conf_t 结构体是保存ngx_epoll_module 事件驱动模块的配置项结构。该结构体在文件src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
typedef struct {
ngx_uint_t events;
ngx_uint_t aio_requests;
} ngx_epoll_conf_t;
ngx_epoll_module 事件驱动模块的定义
所有模块的定义都是基于模块通用接口 ngx_module_t 结构，ngx_epoll_module 模块在文件src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义如下：
ngx_module_t ngx_epoll_module = {
NGX_MODULE_V1,
&ngx_epoll_module_ctx,
ngx_epoll_commands,
NGX_EVENT_MODULE,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};
在 ngx_epoll_module 模块的定义中，其中定义了该模块感兴趣的配置项ngx_epoll_commands 数组，该配置项数组在文件src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
static ngx_command_t ngx_epoll_commands[] = {
{ ngx_string("epoll_events"),
NGX_EVENT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,
ngx_conf_set_num_slot,
0,
offsetof(ngx_epoll_conf_t, events),
NULL },
{ ngx_string("worker_aio_requests"),
NGX_EVENT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,
ngx_conf_set_num_slot,
0,
offsetof(ngx_epoll_conf_t, aio_requests),
NULL },
ngx_null_command
};
在 ngx_epoll_module 模块的定义中，定义了该模块的上下文结构ngx_epoll_module_ctx，该上下文结构是基于事件模块的通用接口ngx_event_module_t 结构来定义的。该上下文结构在文件src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
ngx_event_module_t ngx_epoll_module_ctx = {
&epoll_name,
ngx_epoll_create_conf,
ngx_epoll_init_conf,
{
ngx_epoll_add_event,
ngx_epoll_del_event,
ngx_epoll_add_event,
ngx_epoll_del_event,
ngx_epoll_add_connection,
ngx_epoll_del_connection,
NULL,
ngx_epoll_process_events,
ngx_epoll_init,
ngx_epoll_done,
}
};
在 ngx_epoll_module 模块的上下文事件接口结构中，重点定义了ngx_event_actions_t 结构中的接口回调方法。
ngx_epoll_module 事件驱动模块的操作
ngx_epoll_module 模块的操作由ngx_epoll_module 模块的上下文事件接口结构中成员actions 实现。该成员实现的方法如下所示：
ngx_epoll_add_event,
ngx_epoll_del_event,
ngx_epoll_add_event,
ngx_epoll_del_event,
ngx_epoll_add_connection,
ngx_epoll_del_connection,
NULL,
ngx_epoll_process_events,
ngx_epoll_init,
ngx_epoll_done,
ngx_epoll_module 模块的初始化
ngx_epoll_module 模块的初始化由函数ngx_epoll_init 实现。该函数主要做了两件事：创建epoll 对象 和 创建 event_list 数组（调用epoll_wait 函数时用于存储从内核复制的已就绪的事件）；该函数在文件src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
static int ep = -1;
static struct epoll_event *event_list;
static ngx_uint_t nevents;
static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_init(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_msec_t timer)
{
ngx_epoll_conf_t *epcf;
epcf = ngx_event_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_epoll_module);
if (ep == -1) {
ep = epoll_create(cycle->connection_n / 2);
if (ep == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"epoll_create() failed");
return NGX_ERROR;
}
#if (NGX_HAVE_FILE_AIO)
ngx_epoll_aio_init(cycle, epcf);
#endif
}
if (nevents < epcf->events) {
if (event_list) {
ngx_free(event_list);
}
event_list = ngx_alloc(sizeof(struct epoll_event) * epcf->events,
cycle->log);
if (event_list == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
}
nevents = epcf->events;
ngx_io = ngx_os_io;
ngx_event_actions = ngx_epoll_module_ctx.actions;
#if (NGX_HAVE_CLEAR_EVENT)
ngx_event_flags = NGX_USE_CLEAR_EVENT
#else
ngx_event_flags = NGX_USE_LEVEL_EVENT
#endif
|NGX_USE_GREEDY_EVENT
|NGX_USE_EPOLL_EVENT;
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_epoll_module 模块的事件处理
ngx_epoll_module 模块的事件处理由函数ngx_epoll_process_events 实现。ngx_epoll_process_events 函数是实现事件收集、事件发送的接口。该函数在文件src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_process_events(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_msec_t timer, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
int events;
uint32_t revents;
ngx_int_t instance, i;
ngx_uint_t level;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_event_t *rev, *wev, **queue;
ngx_connection_t *c;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"epoll timer: %M", timer);
events = epoll_wait(ep, event_list, (int) nevents, timer);
err = (events == -1) ? ngx_errno : 0;
if (flags & NGX_UPDATE_TIME || ngx_event_timer_alarm) {
ngx_time_update();
}
if (err) {
if (err == NGX_EINTR) {
if (ngx_event_timer_alarm) {
ngx_event_timer_alarm = 0;
return NGX_OK;
}
level = NGX_LOG_INFO;
} else {
level = NGX_LOG_ALERT;
}
ngx_log_error(level, cycle->log, err, "epoll_wait() failed");
return NGX_ERROR;
}
if (events == 0) {
if (timer != NGX_TIMER_INFINITE) {
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"epoll_wait() returned no events without timeout");
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ngx_mutex_lock(ngx_posted_events_mutex);
for (i = 0; i < events; i++) {
c = event_list[i].data.ptr;
instance = (uintptr_t) c & 1;
c = (ngx_connection_t *) ((uintptr_t) c & (uintptr_t) ~1);
rev = c->read;
if (c->fd == -1 || rev->instance != instance) {
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"epoll: stale event %p", c);
continue;
}
revents = event_list[i].events;
ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"epoll: fd:%d ev:%04XD d:%p",
c->fd, revents, event_list[i].data.ptr);
if (revents & (EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP)) {
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"epoll_wait() error on fd:%d ev:%04XD",
c->fd, revents);
}
#if 0
if (revents & ~(EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT|EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP)) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"strange epoll_wait() events fd:%d ev:%04XD",
c->fd, revents);
}
#endif
if ((revents & (EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP))
&& (revents & (EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT)) == 0)
{
revents |= EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT;
}
if ((revents & EPOLLIN) && rev->active) {
#if (NGX_HAVE_EPOLLRDHUP)
if (revents & EPOLLRDHUP) {
rev->pending_eof = 1;
}
#endif
if ((flags & NGX_POST_THREAD_EVENTS) && !rev->accept) {
rev->posted_ready = 1;
} else {
rev->ready = 1;
}
if (flags & NGX_POST_EVENTS) {
queue = (ngx_event_t **) (rev->accept ?
&ngx_posted_accept_events : &ngx_posted_events);
ngx_locked_post_event(rev, queue);
} else {
rev->handler(rev);
}
}
wev = c->write;
if ((revents & EPOLLOUT) && wev->active) {
if (c->fd == -1 || wev->instance != instance) {
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"epoll: stale event %p", c);
continue;
}
if (flags & NGX_POST_THREAD_EVENTS) {
wev->posted_ready = 1;
} else {
wev->ready = 1;
}
if (flags & NGX_POST_EVENTS) {
ngx_locked_post_event(wev, &ngx_posted_events);
} else {
wev->handler(wev);
}
}
}
ngx_mutex_unlock(ngx_posted_events_mutex);
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_epoll_module 模块的事件添加与删除
ngx_epoll_module 模块的事件添加与删除分别由函数ngx_epoll_add_event 与ngx_epoll_del_event 实现。这两个函数的实现都是通过调用epoll_ctl 函数。具体实现在文件 src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_add_event(ngx_event_t *ev, ngx_int_t event, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
int op;
uint32_t events, prev;
ngx_event_t *e;
ngx_connection_t *c;
struct epoll_event ee;
c = ev->data;
events = (uint32_t) event;
if (event == NGX_READ_EVENT) {
e = c->write;
prev = EPOLLOUT;
#if (NGX_READ_EVENT != EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP)
events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP;
#endif
} else {
e = c->read;
prev = EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP;
#if (NGX_WRITE_EVENT != EPOLLOUT)
events = EPOLLOUT;
#endif
}
if (e->active) {
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
events |= prev;
} else {
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
}
ee.events = events | (uint32_t) flags;
ee.data.ptr = (void *) ((uintptr_t) c | ev->instance);
ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
"epoll add event: fd:%d op:%d ev:%08XD",
c->fd, op, ee.events);
if (epoll_ctl(ep, op, c->fd, &ee) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_errno,
"epoll_ctl(%d, %d) failed", op, c->fd);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ev->active = 1;
#if 0
ev->oneshot = (flags & NGX_ONESHOT_EVENT) ? 1 : 0;
#endif
return NGX_OK;
}
static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_del_event(ngx_event_t *ev, ngx_int_t event, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
int op;
uint32_t prev;
ngx_event_t *e;
ngx_connection_t *c;
struct epoll_event ee;
if (flags & NGX_CLOSE_EVENT) {
ev->active = 0;
return NGX_OK;
}
c = ev->data;
if (event == NGX_READ_EVENT) {
e = c->write;
prev = EPOLLOUT;
} else {
e = c->read;
prev = EPOLLIN|EPOLLRDHUP;
}
if (e->active) {
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
ee.events = prev | (uint32_t) flags;
ee.data.ptr = (void *) ((uintptr_t) c | ev->instance);
} else {
op = EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
ee.events = 0;
ee.data.ptr = NULL;
}
ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
"epoll del event: fd:%d op:%d ev:%08XD",
c->fd, op, ee.events);
if (epoll_ctl(ep, op, c->fd, &ee) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_errno,
"epoll_ctl(%d, %d) failed", op, c->fd);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ev->active = 0;
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_epoll_module 模块的连接添加与删除
ngx_epoll_module 模块的连接添加与删除分别由函数ngx_epoll_add_connection 与ngx_epoll_del_connection 实现。这两个函数的实现都是通过调用epoll_ctl 函数。具体实现在文件 src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中定义：
static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_add_connection(ngx_connection_t *c)
{
struct epoll_event ee;
ee.events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT|EPOLLET|EPOLLRDHUP;
ee.data.ptr = (void *) ((uintptr_t) c | c->read->instance);
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, 0,
"epoll add connection: fd:%d ev:%08XD", c->fd, ee.events);
if (epoll_ctl(ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, c->fd, &ee) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, c->log, ngx_errno,
"epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, %d) failed", c->fd);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
c->read->active = 1;
c->write->active = 1;
return NGX_OK;
}
Nginx
static ngx_int_t
ngx_epoll_del_connection(ngx_connection_t *c, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
int op;
struct epoll_event ee;
if (flags & NGX_CLOSE_EVENT) {
c->read->active = 0;
c->write->active = 0;
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENTNginx, c->log, 0,
"epoll del connection: fd:%d", c->fd);
op = EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
ee.events = 0;
ee.data.ptr = NULL;
if (epoll_ctl(ep, op, c->fd, &ee) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, c->log, ngx_errno,
"epoll_ctl(%d, %d) failed", op, c->fd);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
c->read->active = 0;
c->write->active = 0;
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_epoll_module 模块的异步 I/O
在 Nginx 中，文件异步 I/O 事件完成后的通知是集成到 epoll 对象中。该模块的文件异步I/O 实现如下：
#if (NGX_HAVE_FILE_AIO)
int ngx_eventfd = -1;
aio_context_t ngx_aio_ctx = 0;
static ngx_event_t ngx_eventfd_event;
static ngx_connection_t ngx_eventfd_conn;
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_FILE_AIO)
static int
io_setup(u_int nr_reqs, aio_context_t *ctx)
{
return syscall(SYS_io_setup, nr_reqs, ctx);
}
static int
io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx)
{
return syscall(SYS_io_destroy, ctx);
}
static int
io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx, long min_nr, long nr, struct io_event *events,
struct timespec *tmo)
{
return syscall(SYS_io_getevents, ctx, min_nr, nr, events, tmo);
}
static void
ngx_epoll_aio_init(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_epoll_conf_t *epcf)
{
int n;
struct epoll_event ee;
ngx_eventfd = syscall(SYS_eventfd, 0);
if (ngx_eventfd == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"eventfd() failed");
ngx_file_aio = 0;
return;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"eventfd: %d", ngx_eventfd);
n = 1;
if (ioctl(ngx_eventfd, FIONBIO, &n) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"ioctl(eventfd, FIONBIO) failed");
goto failed;
}
if (io_setup(epcf->aio_requests, &ngx_aio_ctx) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"io_setup() failed");
goto failed;
}
ngx_eventfd_event.data = &ngx_eventfd_conn;
ngx_eventfd_event.handler = ngx_epoll_eventfd_handler;
ngx_eventfd_event.log = cycle->log;
ngx_eventfd_event.active = 1;
ngx_eventfd_conn.fd = ngx_eventfd;
ngx_eventfd_conn.read = &ngx_eventfd_event;
ngx_eventfd_conn.log = cycle->log;
ee.events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLET;
ee.data.ptr = &ngx_eventfd_conn;
if (epoll_ctl(ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ngx_eventfd, &ee) != -1) {
return;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, eventfd) failed");
if (io_destroy(ngx_aio_ctx) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"io_destroy() failed");
}
failed:
if (close(ngx_eventfd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"eventfd close() failed");
}
ngx_eventfd = -1;
ngx_aio_ctx = 0;
ngx_file_aio = 0;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_FILE_AIO)
static void
ngx_epoll_eventfd_handler(ngx_event_t *ev)
{
int n, events;
long i;
uint64_t ready;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_event_t *e;
ngx_event_aio_t *aio;
struct io_event event[64];
struct timespec ts;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0, "eventfd handler");
n = read(ngx_eventfd, &ready, 8);
err = ngx_errno;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0, "eventfd: %d", n);
if (n != 8) {
if (n == -1) {
if (err == NGX_EAGAIN) {
return;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, err, "read(eventfd) failed");
return;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, 0,
"read(eventfd) returned only %d bytes", n);
return;
}
ts.tv_sec = 0;
ts.tv_nsec = 0;
while (ready) {
events = io_getevents(ngx_aio_ctx, 1, 64, event, &ts);
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
"io_getevents: %l", events);
if (events > 0) {
ready -= events;
for (i = 0; i < events; i++) {
ngx_log_debug4(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
"io_event: %uXL %uXL %L %L",
event[i].data, event[i].obj,
event[i].res, event[i].res2);
e = (ngx_event_t *) (uintptr_t) event[i].data;
e->complete = 1;
e->active = 0;
e->ready = 1;
aio = e->data;
aio->res = event[i].res;
ngx_post_event(e, &ngx_posted_events);
}
continue;
}
if (events == 0) {
return;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_errno,
"io_getevents() failed");
return;
}
}
#endif
参考资料：
《深入理解Nginx》
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